In most states, auto insurance is required in order to own a car. But despite its ubiquity, premiums vary widely depending on the kind of coverage, the amount of coverage, the pricing of individual insurance companies, and the make, model and age of your car. Taking a few minutes to learn about what’s covered by your auto insurance – and what isn’t – could save you thousands of dollars in the long run.

How to Save Big Bucks on Auto Insurance
When it comes to saving money on auto insurance, there are a number of ways to make the best of your insurance policy.

• Shop Around: Compare pricing on similar policies offered by other companies before you buy. Similar policies won’t always have similar premiums. Some very reputable insurance firms offer better prices than others.
• Group Discounts: Many insurance companies offer special prices if you can verify that you’re a member of an insurable group, such as an employee of a big corporation, or an alumnus of a particular college or university. You can save a lot of money by asking about group prices.
• Home and Car Insurance Packages: It’s possible to secure discounts if you buy your home and auto insurance from the same provider. Even if you rent your home, you can roll your auto and renter’s contents insurance into one discounted package.
• Change Your Deductible: Auto insurance prices vary with the size of your deductible, so changing your deductible – the amount you’ll have to pay out-of-pocket to repair damage to your car before insurance kicks in – can change your premiums. If you change your deductible from $0 to $500, for instance, you might save as much as $40 monthly, or $480 per year.
• Eliminate Collision and Comprehensive Coverage on Old Autos: Collision and comprehensive coverage pay for damage done to your car in an accident, vandalism, or “act of God” – but if your car is old enough to have lost most of its value, insurance may pay you very little even if your car is destroyed. It might be more cost-effective to put aside the amount you would have paid on insurance and save it in case an accident forces you to buy a new car.
• Avoid Filing Claims: Every incident you report, however minor, can raise your insurance premiums. For minor accidents and damage, it may be smarter to pay for repairs yourself to keep premiums low.
• Smart Payment Plans: Some insurance companies charge a fee to collect twelve monthly installments as opposed to one annual payment. This fee may be avoided by allowing insurance to draw money directly from your account, potentially saving you hundreds of dollars annually.
• Keep Policy Information Current: You may not know it, but your policy could still list you at your previous job, where you drove twice as far to work each day – and this kind of information can raise your insurance premiums. Keeping your policy information up to date also guarantees that the insurance company can’t refuse to pay because of a technicality related to out of date information in your file.

Use the Internet to help get Affordable Auto Insurance
Using the internet for research can be a big help in getting the best deal possible on your auto insurance. There are plenty of websites out there that will get you several free quotes from leading insurers who will compete for your business. Using such a service can help ensure that you get competitive quotes from each company that you speak with. Since the insurance companies know that they are competing for your business they are likely to offer their best deal. Using the power of the internet can be your best strategy in getting affordable auto insurance.

When shopping for auto insurance the bottom line is – educating yourself on insurance choices and shopping around can make all the difference in getting the policy that best meets your needs at the best possible price.

A safe auto insurance quote will differ from individual to individual simply because they fall into various brackets. The clients using the lowest calculated risk are charged the lowest yearly rates. Car insurance coverage businesses these days routinely pull your credit history and use your credit rating score and background as 1 element in setting rates. As we’ve discussed previously, your credit rating background impacts your finances in numerous ways and auto insurance coverage rates are a great instance on this.

Safe auto insurance quotes are determined per the age and driver’s expertise as well as the history for the person that’s looking for car insurance coverage. Young drivers, consequently, ought to climb their way up the economical premiums ladder by remaining with their parent’s coverage while they obtain that essential driver’s experience and track record. Auto insurers have to show that their insurance policy holders can take care of their responsibilities promptly, and with a great credit history rating you are able to vouch for one’s credit score worthiness to any car insurance provider. Car insurance policy providers use your credit rating report to help figure out the degree of associated risk you’re to them, plus they look at individuals having a greater credit rating score as much less of a risk. Sustaining a great credit rating report can consequently assist you to save your cash.

Auto insurance coverage prices can differ significantly from organization to organization, so lets make certain that we search all over for that greatest offer. Excellent car insurance coverage will supply you with healthcare protection to take care of any required personal injury medical care and rehabilitation expenses. Automobile insurance coverage premium offers are determined by numerous diverse aspects, as an instance: age, driving experience, marital standing, driver exposure, year and kind of car and so on.

Evaluate every safe automobile insurance quote to ones advantage so you will manage to obtain a provider that provides you with the most beneficial of client support, claim settlement plus an excellent saving on auto insurance coverage. But, this will only materialize for those who have carried out the groundwork and research correctly by utilizing on-line resources and means initially to evaluate a couple of free of charge auto insurance quotations and do not overlook your hometown auto insurance agent as well, keep in mind every state has it’s unique insurance coverage regulations and a hometown agent will know these, but get quotations from a number as not all hometown agents work with every one of the auto insurance providers.

If you’re heading on holiday to Mexico, evaluate auto insurance coverage rates prior to leaving – the rate for short-term insurance coverage for traveling abroad more than 1 weekend in Mexico is generally much less than $100 and might be less than $50 for just a two-day journey. The protection limitations ought to be the exact same as the coverage’s for the driver’s US coverage.

Individual Injuries Protection covers, inside the specified limitations, the health care, hospital and funeral expenditures of the insured, other people in his automobile and pedestrians struck by him.

Consumer advocates are stated to advise that even for those who have protection you really feel is equally dependable and inexpensive, it is the right strategy to compare once again for a safe auto insurance quote 2 times every 12 months. Although you might have grown accustomed to the provider you are with, you might be missing out on even much better premiums from a company that is just as, if not even much more dependable.

Evaluate safe auto insurance quotes for the most effective benefits to make sure that you simply are obtaining every thing which you possibly can with regards to protection, for its rate as there is often significant variations among insurers. We reside within a country that’s continually getting more and more costly; we now have to discover cost-effective options in order for us to thrive.

So, a logical starting point to determine if you have proper insurance coverage is to understand the basics. To ensure that you do have the proper coverage, you first need to acquire a good understanding of the basics of auto, home, personal umbrella, and life insurance coverage. For this article, we will focus on auto insurance coverage.

Auto Insurance basically covers you for liability and property damage as it relates to your motor vehicle. There are other optional areas of coverage as well, but for our discussion let’s stay focused on the basics, which are the most important anyway. Your auto insurance policy’s first and/or second pages are the declaration pages of your auto insurance policy. The declarations pages describe your auto coverage limits in numeric dollar values.

Here is a sample of what you may see on your auto insurance policy’s declaration pages:

-Bodily Injury/Property (BIPD) 250/500/100
-Limited or Unlimited
-Medical (Med) $5,000
-Personal Injury Protection (PIP) 250 w/250 Ded
-Uninsured/Underinsured (UM/UIM) 250/500/100
-Collision $500 (Coll) Deductible
-Comprehensive (Comp) $500 Deductible
-Rental Insurance (RI) 80%/1500

Let’s take a look at each of these coverage definitions and amounts in more detail.

The BIPD represents Bodily Injury (BI) / Property Damage (PD). Basically, in the example above, this individual policyholder has liability protection for $250,000 per individual or $500,000 maximum per incident, plus $100,000 in property damage to the other party’s vehicle in a collision. Liability coverage is protection for times when you have been deemed and proven negligent in an auto accident and you therefore become legally liable for the resulting compensatory and/or punitive damages to the other party or parties. The BI, of the BIPD, will cover you for negligence on your part that resulted in bodily injury to the other party or parties. BI also covers the cost of attorney fees associated with any litigation brought against you by the other party. In the above example, this person has $250,000 in coverage for all inclusive liability and attorney fees per individual injured or $500,000 for the entire incident.

The PD, of the BIPD, covers the damage to the other party’s vehicle as a result of your negligence; thus, in the above example, up to $100,000 in property damage to the other party’s vehicle or property. Now, being cognizant of the litigious society that we live in, we ask if $250,000 per person or $500,000 per incident is enough BI coverage? This is a personal decision for every individual to make depending upon their current assets and net worth, and their knowledge of recent jury decisions and awards on BI cases. A major factor affecting this decision is an understanding that you are self-insured for any amounts awarded in excess of your BI coverage amount, should the jury award compensatory and punitive damages greater than your BI coverage amount. So, in this example, should the jury award $750,000 to the individual driving the other vehicle who suffered bodily injury because you collided with them as a result of your negligence, then you are self-insured for the amount in excess of $250,000 which in this case would be $500,000. If you do not have the $500,000 to settle the award, then the judge has many other options to ensure restitution to the injured party such as: garnishing your wages, selling off some of your assets, placing a lien on your property, etc. Now, you can get an umbrella policy to cover you up to a certain amount in excess of your underlying auto BI coverage. We will look at how an umbrella policy works in more detail in an upcoming article.

Next, we have “limited right to sue” versus “unlimited right to sue” coverage. Basically, under the “limited” right to sue lawsuit option, you agree not to sue the person who caused the auto accident for your pain and suffering unless you sustain one of the permanent injuries listed below:

-Loss of body part
-Significant disfigurement or scarring
-A displaced fracture
-Loss of a fetus
-Permanent injury
-Death

Please note that choosing this option does not waive your right to sue for economic damages such as medical expenses and lost wages.

Under the “Unlimited” right to sue lawsuit option, you retain the right to sue the person who caused an auto accident for pain and suffering for any injury. Most people will choose the “limited” option because it is far less costly and it provides the ability to sue the negligent party for most major and permanent injuries. However, many attorneys will usually choose the “unlimited option” for their own personal coverage and pay the significant extra cost because they want the right to sue for any injury.

PIP coverage stands for Personal Injury Protection coverage. PIP is paid from your own policy. PIP covers medical expenses, and possibly lost wages and other damages. PIP is sometimes referred to as “no-fault” coverage, because the statutes that enacted it are generally known as no-fault laws. PIP is designed to be paid without regard to “fault,” or more properly, without regard to legal liability. PIP is also called “no-fault” because, by definition, a claimant’s, or insured’s, insurance premium should not increase due to a PIP claim. A PIP claim may be subrogated by your insurance against the other party’s insurance company if the other party was determined to be the neglligent party in the accident. PIP is a mandatory coverage in some states.

Uninsured/Underinsured (UM/UIM) is coverage from your policy that may pay for injuries to you and your passengers, and possibly damage to your property, when as a result of an auto accident the other driver is both legally responsible for the accident and determined to be “uninsured” or “underinsured.”

An uninsured driver is a person who has no auto insurance coverage, or had insurance that did not meet state-mandated minimum liability requirements, or whose insurance company denied their claim or was not financially able to pay it. In most states, a hit-and-run driver is also considered an uninsured driver as it pertains to paying for injuries to you or your passengers.

An underinsured driver is a person who had insurance that met minimum legal requirements, but did not have high enough coverage limits to pay for the damage caused by the accident. In these situations, UIM coverage can pay you for your damages. It is important to note that uninsured and underinsured is separate coverage, although in many states they can or must be purchased together. Some states mandate purchase of UM/UIM, but many do not.

Collision coverage insures you for damage to your vehicle. No matter if it is a collision between your car and another car, or your car and a stone wall. You are covered if your car sustains damage as a result of colliding into something or something colliding into it, whether you are at fault or not. Your deductible will usually apply. If you collide with another vehicle and the other party is at fault, then your insurance company may subrogate the claim against the at fault party’s insurance company to recover the claim amount.

Comprehensive (Comp) basically covers what collision coverage does not. When your car sustains damage that did not result from colliding with another motor vehicle or object, the comprehensive portion of your policy will pay for the damages. If you do not have comprehensive coverage then you would have to pay out of your own pocket for any damage to your vehicle not related to a collision. Here are the perils typically covered by comprehensive auto insurance coverage: fire, theft, vandalism, broken or damaged glass, animal inflicted damage, falling objects, storms (hail, wind, etc.), and water damage. Your deductible will usually apply.

Rental Insurance (RI) is coverage for you to rent a car while your vehicle is being repaired because of a covered incident. In the above example of declaration page values, the 80%/1500 means that you have coverage for $80 per day and $1,500 maximum total cost to rent a car while your vehicle is being repaired. This is an optional coverage that many people take, but some do not.

Well, that is it! That is the basics of understanding your auto insurance coverage. Not so bad, right? Now that you understand the basics of auto insurance coverage you can review and analyze your personal auto insurance policy’s declaration page coverage information while taking into consideration your personal financials to determine whether or not you have sufficient coverage.

Stay tuned for future articles that will explain the basics of understanding homeowner’s, personal umbrella, and life insurance coverage. You never know when it is going to rain!

The advantage of shopping your motor parts online is that it is easy to find many references about after market and OEM spare parts. After market spare parts are known for its cheaper prices for these products are usually sold directly from the manufacturers. On the other hand, Original Equipment Manufacturer parts are the official version of motorcycle parts for those who prefer the original instead of the aftermarket. People choose after market not simply because these products are cheaper but also because of their quality which can be equal with the original ones.

Shopping motorcycle parts online gives you the ease to one stop spare parts shopping. You can find vast array of motor cycle parts that you need without having to tire yourself and waste your time. At cycle-parts.com you will also be able to get special cut off prices as you can mention the part number of the motorcycle parts that you need. If you have difficulty in finding the number, you can simply email the service to get assistance in finding your part’s number. To know details about OEM and aftermarket spare parts for motorcycle of all manufacturers, you can visit Cycle-parts.com.

Auto insurance is necessary immediately after you buy a new vehicle. State laws have made it mandatory to get a policy before you apply for the vehicle’s registration. Auto coverage is also vital due to increased traffic and accidents on the roads. Here are some tips to help you buy automobile insurance so you can make a wise decision.

Policy Coverage

Before buying any general auto coverage policy, you should understand the coverage offered by it. Will the auto policy cover only you or will it also cover your passengers? Will the company pay for all the passengers or only for you and your family members in case of an accident? What will be the response if your son or daughter is driving your car? These are some of the questions you might ask before making any decision about purchasing a protection policy.

Auto Insurance Policies

When you approach companies, they will offer you many options. You will have to choose the one that suits you best. You will choose a policy that is better for you if you have proper knowledge about protection policies. Some important things to know include the following. Third party insurance or liability insurance is the lowest form of insurance from all the general policies. You have to pay a minimal premium for this type of protection policy. The company pays for damage to a third party affected by accident of the vehicle insured. The amount to be paid is decided beforehand when you buy this type of auto insurance policy.

Comprehensive insurance and full comprehensive insurance are the auto insurance policies that provide more coverage than third party insurance. In this case, you and your vehicle are fully covered. The auto insurance company pays for the repairs of the vehicle insured in case of an accident. The auto insurance company may also offer you market value of the vehicle if the repair estimates are too high. You will have to pay an extra premium if you opt for a full comprehensive auto insurance policy.

Similarly, personal injury protection, medical pay and no fault coverage vary in terms of coverage and premium. A personal injury protection insurance policy may be mandated by your state laws, so check before purchasing your policy. A medical pay auto insurance policy covers all of the medical expenses in case of an accident or collision of the vehicle insured.

A no-fault coverage insurance policy may be a better option for you, as the insurance company will pay the damage costs regardless of who is at the fault. You may feel satisfied by opting for this type of insurance policy, as all your family members and friends are covered with this policy.

An uninsured or under-insured motorists’ coverage automobile insurance policy is another option for you, which will cover you in all cases whether the person at fault is insured or under-insured. Chances are that you still do not have to pay extra for this coverage.

In the end, I suggest you to check on any extra coverage offered by the general auto insurance company, such as rental reimbursement, towing expenses and labor charges etc. I think that, by reading this article, you will be able to choose the better policy for you and your needs.

Finding affordable auto insurance coverage is a common objective for many drivers. Tough economic times have only served to place a greater urgency on this need as consumers struggle to find ways to save money. When searching the internet and advertisements for low auto insurance rates, consumers will often come across the term “discount auto insurance.”

But what exactly is Discount Auto Insurance? In this article we’ll define what it is, find out how to reduce insurance rates, point out some common pitfalls to watch out for, and then look at the most effective ways to shop for the best deals.

Discount Auto Insurance Explained

We first need to distinguish the difference between discount auto insurance as the term is used to refer to: A. inexpensively priced product offered by certain insurance companies – and B. auto insurance discounts, which all insurers typically offer to their customers in some form.

There are indeed many insurance companies that specialize in providing car insurance which is frequently less expensive than that of many of the larger, well-known insurers. The term discount auto insurance, however, is not one you’ll find used within the insurance industry. Instead, it has simply emerged as a commonly used descriptor to refer to companies that consistently offer inexpensive insurance products. So how do they do it? Is there a trick? It should come as no surprise when we tell you the answer is no, there are no tricks. Low priced auto insurance providers simply include only the coverage that meets the minimum legally required level for any particular state. The old adage that we get what we pay, in this case, certainly rings true. If you absolutely need to get the lower cost premium, expect to have less quality in some areas – as there may be features and/or services that you will have to do without. For example, if customer service or claim response times are poor this could offset the value of a lower premium. Be sure to check sites such as JDPower.com in order to view customer service ratings for auto insurance companies. Additionally, add-on’s (such as towing service) typically cost more from “discount” providers. You need to be confident that a bare bones auto coverage policy is sufficient for your needs.

Auto Insurance Discounts

Auto Insurance discounts are typically offered to drivers who meet certain criteria, leading to a reduction in the overall premium. Examples of the most common discounts are:

o Safe Driver: drivers can save up to 20% on rates when they meet certain safety criteria, such as no accidents in a given time period, no DUI’s, and no more than one violation point on their driving record
o Air Bags and Automatic Seat Belts: expect a 30% rate reduction from some insurers for having these safety features
o Anti-Theft Devices: lower rate on Comprehensive coverage when vehicle is equipped with low-jack, a GPS tracking system or security alarm
o Anti-Lock Brakes (ABS): normally a rate reduction of 5% or more on Property Damage and Bodily Injury policies
o Driver Education Classes: some insurers will give up to 10% off certain coverage’s for completion of a state approved driver’s education class
o Multi-policy: savings can be realized if you have two or more vehicles insured with the company, or have other insurance products with them (i.e., Home, Life)
o Good Student: many insurers will reward teenagers who maintain a B or higher grade point average with a lower premium
o Low Annual Mileage: lower rates for drivers who operate their cars less frequently

Tips to finding the Best Rate

Thankfully, we live in an age where the most effective, efficient method of price comparison shopping is right at our finger tips…the internet. Utilizing a few quality web sites to compare rates is invaluable for finding low cost premiums. The trick is to use a site that compares rates from multiple carriers, not just their own. Additionally, some rate comparison sites only compare rates from only a select few companies, so be sure to leverage several web sites in your shopping. Examples of sites that offer effective comparison rate shopping are: Progressive.com, onlineautoinsurance.com, and comparisonmarket.com.

Most people know that raising your deductible and having a clean driving record both translate to lower premiums. Many people, however, do not realize that your credit record can have an effect on your premiums. Be proactive and monitor your credit report and address any derogatory credit items by paying them current.

To learn many things of auto insurance, feel free to check out compareautoinsurancerates.com. Here you not only have a great chance to improve our understanding of auto insurance, but also compare rate of the insurance derived from top companies. It is important to make comparison of the insurance in order to get the best price when buying a policy.

So many people rely on financial coverage of auto insurance these days. This is because an opportunity of getting advantage is widely opened. As long as an individual complies with proper procedures in buying auto insurance, there will be a chance to obtain high coverage in the future. In the end, take your precious time to explore all about insurance disclosed at this website.

For experienced, older drivers, getting cheap auto insurance is not a big deal. However, finding affordable car insurance for a young person is not always an easy task. According to statistics, young drivers under 25, especially males, tend to make insurance claims more often than any other group of drivers and are therefore, a high risk group. But is it fair that a safe, young driver be made to pay for the actions of his peers? Not all auto insurance companies take the same dim view of young drivers and some discounts are available to help you cut costs. By knowing how the companies evaluate drivers, you can save yourself a lot of money on car insurance. Here are 10 suggestions to help lower premiums without giving up great coverage and keep your teenager’s license free of violations:

1) Help your teen learn the laws and follow them to the letter. By far, the simplest way for a young person to get cheaper car insurance is to maintain a clean driving record. A young driver can do this by driving safely and responsibly and staying with the posted speed limits. Parents should know what the laws are and insist that their sons and daughters follow them.

2) Put your teenager on your policy. Rather than setting up an independent policy for your teen driver, it may be a good idea to add them as an additional driver on your Car Insurance Policy and get cheaper premiums. Most insurers offer lower rates for young drivers who remain on their parents’ insurance policy.

3) Pay your teenager to get good grades. Numerous auto insurance specialists have recently introduced incentives such as providing a discount for high school students who are able to maintain a GPA of 3 or higher. Check with your auto insurance broker to see how much you save if your teenager gets a good grade point average and pass it on to them. This could act as an incentive to get better grades!

4) Enroll your teenager in driver education courses. Another way a young person can get affordable car insurance is by taking a defensive driving or driving safety class. You can usually register for these classes at your local high school or community school. It is also a good idea to enroll in some training programs within a year of passing the driving test to prove to the insurer that your teenager is serious about safe driving. By practicing driving in different weather conditions, at night, etc these programs will make your teenager a safer driver, which in its turn, will enable insurance companies to regard them as lower risk and offer discounts.

5) Steer clear of sports cars. The type of vehicle you purchase for your teenager will have a major effect on the insurance rate you pay. Sports cars and SUV’s should be avoided. It might be wiser to purchase your teenager a small car with a lower engine capacity and with many safety features. You should also note that insurance companies tend to charge more if the car you are insuring has modifications on it.

6) Shop around. The best advice for saving money on your teenagers auto insurance is simply shopping around and getting lots of quotes. Since it’s so easy to get quotes online these days, you don’t have any excuse for not checking out lots of different policies.

Visit AutoInsurance.co.cc for more information on how to get the most suitable insurance policy.

Getting auto insurance online can be frustrating if you don’t have a large budget and know what it is you need. Here are a few ideas on what information you will need and how it is used for your quote.

Auto policy quotes are the first step in finding your coverage online. Getting quotes allows you to decide what company to go with based on your own set of criteria. Some people choose their company by affordability, and others go with a company based on what they offer. Automobile policies are required in all 50 states, so it is a necessity for all drivers.

These quotes are available on many large company websites on the internet. Most will begin your quote with a short survey, asking a myriad of questions. Some simply ask for your age and location the vehicle will be housed at, while others delve deeper and ask about your credit history and driving record. The information you will need will vary based on what is requested by each site.

The most common pieces of information you will need to get vehicle quotes is the VIN number for the vehicle, your license number and expiration date, permission for a credit check and motor vehicle history check along with your contact information. Personal information is normally warranted in these surveys as a means of addressing your history. Each of these pieces of information are used for your quote in different ways.

If the address where your vehicle will be housed is in an area that has a high number of auto thefts, your quote will be higher than if you lived in another area of your city. Your quote will also be higher if your car or truck is housed on the street instead of in a garage. Your driving history is checked to see if you have had any moving violations or tickets in the last 5 years.

Most companies look at your record to decide if you are considered a high risk driver. With this being said, if you only have parking tickets or a small violation, your rates generally are not raised. However if you have many tickets and accidents along with any kind of DUI charges, your quotes will be much higher than others. Even those companies that offer the state minimum only coverage will assess a higher rate to people with a bad driving record.

All companies offer higher quotes to start a policy for those that have not had continuous coverage in the previous six months. If you have had insurance coverage, your initial down payment will be much less, and your monthly premiums will also be lower. There are other ways to get lower premiums, based on safety equipment on your vehicle.

If your vehicle has an alarm, airbags, antilock brakes and other systems, you could easily get discounts. Also, if you insure more than one vehicle at a time you could get a multiple vehicle discount. For more information on auto insurance online, check with your favorite online insurance company.

Texas state law requires all motor vehicle drivers to carry auto liability insurance in the form of Bodily Injury Coverage and Property Damage Coverage. As well, if the vehicle is still under lien, the lender will require that the policy holder also carry Collision and Comprehensive Coverage.

In Texas the required minimum coverage for Bodily Injury Liability Coverage is:

o $20,000 per person injured in any one accident

o $40,000 for all persons injured in any one accident

The required minimum coverage for Property Damage is $15,000 for injury to or destruction of the property of others in any one accident.

Optional insurance may include:

Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist (UM/UIM) Coverage: Bodily Injury UM/UIM will pay lost wages; medical bills; pain and suffering; disfigurement; and permanent or partial disability. There is no deductible. Property Damage UM/UIM will pay for damaged items in the accident vehicle, repairs and rental cars, however there is a $250 deductible. UM/UIM coverage must be offered by insurance companies. If the policy holder chooses not to purchase this coverage, he/she must put the rejection in writing.

Collision Coverage: Will pay for repair or replacement of the vehicle regardless of fault, however payment is limited to the cash value of the vehicle minus the deductible.

Comprehensive Coverage: Will pay for damage to the vehicle caused by other incidents besides collision, i.e., vandalism, storm damage, and theft.